ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has threatened human lives. However, the efficiency of combined interventions on COVID-19 has not been accurately analyzed. In this study, an improved SEIR model considering both real human indoor close contact behaviors and personal susceptibility to COVID-19 was established. Taking Hong Kong as an example, a quantitative efficiency assessment of combined interventions (i.e. close contact reduction, vaccination, mask-wearing, school closures, workplace closures, and body temperature screening in public places) was carried out. The results showed that the infection risk of COVID-19 of students, workers, and non-workers/students were 3.1%, 8.7%, and 13.6%, respectively. The basic reproduction number R0 was equal to 1 when the close contact reduction rate was 59.9% or the vaccination rate reached 89.5%. The results could provide scientific support for interventions on COVID-19 prevention and control. © 2022 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis) vaccine uptake in a pregnant, low-income population. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included women initiating prenatal care before (May-November 2019) or during the COVID-19 pandemic (May-November 2020) at two large Medicaid clinics. All patients entered prenatal care before 20 weeks of gestation and delivered full-term. Medical records were reviewed for vaccine uptake and demographic data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compare vaccination rates prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional analysis was performed to identify association of demographic factors with vaccine uptake. Institutional review board- approval was obtained for this study. RESULTS: A total of 939 patients were included, with 462 initiating care prior to and 477 initiating care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Influenza vaccination uptake was 78% (362/462) in the pre-pandemic group, significantly decreasing to 61% (291/477) in the pandemic group (P<.01;OR, 0.38;95% CI, 0.26-0.53). Tdap vaccination uptake was 85% (392/462) in the pre-pandemic group, significantly decreasing to 76% (361/477) in the pandemic group (P<.01;OR, 0.56;95% CI, 0.40-0.79). Unvaccinated patients were significantly more likely to be non-Hispanic Black patients when compared to Hispanic patients both pre-pandemic (P<.01;OR, 0.34;95% CI, 0.21-0.56) and during the pandemic (P<.01;OR, 0.24;95% CI, 0.15-0.38), while there was no significant difference in age or parity in relation to vaccination status. CONCLUSION: Routine vaccination uptake significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in a low-income population of pregnant women, with decrease more pronounced on influenza vaccine than on Tdap vaccine uptake.